Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 60 m (Ref. 9772). Tropical; 29°N - 10°S, 48°E - 125°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Taiwan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to about the southern tip of Java.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 16.6, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9772); common length : 20.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9772)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 10 - 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 22 - 24; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7. Mental pores in 2 pairs, both small, the first pair at front of chin, separated by symphysis. Gill rakers slender, as long as gill filaments at angle of arch, 9-12 on lower limb. Dorsal fin with 22-24 soft rays. Second anal spine short, slender, 22-36 % of head length. Caudal fin truncate. Scales cycloid (smooth) on head and flanks. Swim bladder carrot-shaped, with 17-22 pairs of fan-like appendages along its sides, the first not entering head. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the tail of which is hockey-stick-shaped. Nape with a diffused dusky blotch.
Occurs in inshore waters. Feeds on small crustaceans, benthic worms and small fishes. Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 9772).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1510 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00712 - 0.01689), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 (0.9 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=0.53-1.94).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 175 [100, 347] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.59, 2.06] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.247 [0.129, 0.420] g/100g; Selenium = 50.2 [25.9, 99.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [8.0, 77.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] mg/100g (wet weight);
