Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); εύρος βάθους 0 - ? m. Tropical; 32°N - 5°S
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Cabo Blanco, Peru; including the Galapagos Islands.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 83530); common length : 70.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9279); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 1.8 kg (Ref. 124487)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 20 - 24; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 18 - 22; Σπόνδυλοι: 74 - 80.
Generally found offshore, but may also encountered in coastal areas (Ref. 9279). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Usually caught with the help of artificial lights (Ref. 9279). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 9279). The flesh is of good quality (Ref. 9279).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Collette, B.B., 1995. Belonidae. Agujones, maraos. p. 919-926. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9279)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 28.9, mean 26.7 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00126 (0.00056 - 0.00281), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 158 [53, 581] mg/100g; Iron = 1.05 [0.48, 2.77] mg/100g; Protein = 15.7 [12.9, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.079, 0.570] g/100g; Selenium = 34.1 [15.4, 84.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 101 [15, 561] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.906 [0.594, 1.432] mg/100g (wet weight);
