Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 50 - 300 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 71°N - 50°N, 50°W - 21°E
Northeast Atlantic: Norwegian coast from Kattegat to Tanafjord in Finnmark, rare off Bear Island, northern part of North Sea, around Shetland Islands, Scotland, northern England, Wales and Ireland, rare in the English Channel; Rockall Bank, common around Faroes and Iceland; sporadic off East Greenland.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 12.5, range 10 - 15 cm
Max length : 66.5 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 106276); common length : 25.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4570); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 40 Jaren (Ref. 35388)
Inhabit rocky bottoms, close to the shore, between 10 and 150 m, but also recorded at 760 m (Ref. 4570). Live in shoals and moves closer to the shore in the summer (Ref. 35388). Feed on various small crustaceans and young fishes (Ref. 4570). Viviparous (Ref. 34817).
Ovoviviparous.
Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.8 - 9.8, mean 7.8 °C (based on 186 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00728 - 0.01811), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 15.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (K=0.07; tm=20; tmax=40).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [7, 45] mg/100g; Iron = 0.175 [0.079, 0.422] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.883 [0.338, 2.408] g/100g; Selenium = 43.3 [17.5, 116.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [2.4, 47.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.331 [0.174, 0.567] mg/100g (wet weight);
