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Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987

Munk's devil ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Mobula munkiana   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Mobula munkiana (Munk\
Mobula munkiana
Picture by Wirtz, P.

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9256)

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Vulnerável, ver o Livro Vermelho da IUCN (VU) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES


Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless





Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Fontes da internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Espécies | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoma, nucleotídeo | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia: ir para, procurar | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Registo zoológico

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Medium.