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Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987

Munk's devil ray
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Mobula munkiana   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Mobula munkiana (Munk\
Mobula munkiana
Picture by Wirtz, P.

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板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953)

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Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).

サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9256)

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  攻撃されやすい (VU) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless





Human uses

水産業: 商業
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.60 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.