Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (Haie und Rochen) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 114°W - 77°W (Ref. 114953)

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Eastern Pacific: From Gulf of California to Peru, incl. the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm WD Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 28023); common length : 100.0 cm WD Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9256)

Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Gestation period unknown (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

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McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Mobulidae. Mantas, diablos. p. 759-764. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9256)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

gefährdet, siehe IUCN Red List (VU) (A2d+3d); Date assessed: 09 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.2 - 28.5, mean 23.5 °C (based on 368 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula munkiana Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987