Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Peters.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal. Tropical
Eastern Central Pacific: from Gulf of California to Peru (Ref. 130539).
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 9255)
In coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons, but occasionally also in greater depths. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D., 1995. Gymnuridae. Rayas-mariposa, tuyos. p. 756-758. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9255)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 57 [14, 281] mg/100g; Iron = 0.815 [0.205, 2.351] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.8] %; Omega3 = 0.217 [0.056, 0.667] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [8.6, 94.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 41.2 [11.3, 143.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.50, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight);
