Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 10 - ? m. Temperate; 29°S - 45°S, 144°E - 175°W
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 13700); common length : 63.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9258); idade máx. registrada: 33 anos (Ref. 12155)
Most adults form school offshore over mainly open bottom. Some adults do not school but remain around reefs. Juveniles occur inshore, usually around rocky reefs.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.9 - 21.4, mean 17.6 °C (based on 22 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7812 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.00827 - 0.04596), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.21; tm=5-6; tmax=33).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [14.6, 48.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.190, 0.670] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.428 [0.240, 0.762] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [8.8, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.08 [2.24, 37.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.392 [0.269, 0.571] mg/100g (wet weight);