Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino asociado a arrecife; rango de profundidad 0 - 180 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 27115); 35°N - 33°S, 30°E - 128°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (Ref. 3145) to the Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Presence in Somalia to be confirmed (Ref. 30573).
Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm FL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9710); common length : 50.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3146); edad máxima reportada: 55 años (Ref. 118238)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 6; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 27 - 30; Espinas anales: 2; Radios blandos anales: 27 - 30. This species is characterized by the following: body depth vary from about 2.0 in SL (in subadults) to 2.4-2.6 (adults) in SL; with a tapering, bony, horn on forehead of adults projecting anteriorly at level of eye but not extending in front of mouth (horn first as a bump on forehead at a length of about 12 cm); dorsal profile from snout to horn straight, angle of about 45°; 2 peduncular plates with well-developed forward-curving knife-like spines; emarginate caudal fin when young, truncate with filamentous lobes in adult; males apparently with longer horn, larger peduncular keels and longer caudal filaments than females of the same size; body yellowish to olivaceous gray dorsally, paler ventrally, with blue peduncular plates and keel spines; lips whitish or blue; blue area is sometimes present around pectoral fin; dorsal and anal fins yellowish with narrow blue margins; caudal fin orangish basally, shading to gray, with a broad, pale greenish posterior border and caudal filaments are edged in blue; one transient color phase is a blotchy pale greenish zone below the spinous portion of dorsal fin that narrows and ends beneath the pectoral fin (Ref. 27362).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Adults inhabit channels, moats, lagoon and seaward reefs with strong surge (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Typically occurring in small groups. Sometimes solitary (Ref. 90102). Juveniles in shallow protected bays and harbours (Ref. 48637). Mainly diurnal, feed on coarse leafy brown algae like Sargassum. Pair-spawning has been observed. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Spawn in pairs (Ref. 240).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4795)
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si; Acuario: Comercial
Herramientas
Informes especiales
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 23.4 - 28.8, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1536 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02399 (0.01795 - 0.03206), b=2.94 (2.86 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 2.2 ±0.11 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (K=0.14; tmax=54.5).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
🛈
Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
🛈
Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.3 [16.8, 58.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.554 [0.285, 1.039] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.1, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.109 [0.065, 0.196] g/100g; Selenium = 58.8 [29.8, 118.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.5 [5.0, 90.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.03 [0.66, 1.54] mg/100g (wet weight);