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Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Sphyraenidae (Barracudas)
Etymology: Sphyraena: Greek, sphyraina, -es = the name of a fish (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten revassocierade; djupintervall 0 - 100 m (Ref. 6949), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 42°N - 35°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55300)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas and Tuamoto islands. Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Nigeria, Senegal (Ref. 6949), Mauritania (Ref. 5377), St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and São Tomé Island (Ref. 34088).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 66.0, range 58 - 98.5 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); common length : 140 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3692); publicerad maxvikt: 50.0 kg (Ref. 6949); rapporterad maxålder: 18 år (Ref. 128046)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 6; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 9; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: a large body, large eyes; body depth 6.0-8.2 in SL; teeth erect and contiguous; no gill rakers on first gill arch, instead upper and lower gill arch with rough platelets which lack distinct spines; origin of first dorsal fin at level of the rear base of the pelvic fins; caudal fin emarginate with a pair of large lobes at posterior margin, except young less than 50 cm TL which have a forked caudal fin. Colour of body silvery; many oblique dark bars on upper half of body that do not across lateral line; caudal fin black with white tips; juveniles with a series of large dark blotches irregularly arranged on sides of body (Ref. 9768, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Found predominantly at or near the surface (Ref. 6949, 48637). Juvenile occurs among mangroves, estuaries and shallow sheltered inner reef areas; adult occurs in a wide range of habitats from murky inner harbors to open seas. Diurnal and solitary, but can also be found in small aggregations. Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and sometimes on shrimps (Ref. 9626, 48637). Sold fresh. Utilized also dried or salted (Ref. 9987). Although this species is ciguatoxic elsewhere throughout its range, it has not been reported to be poisonous in the eastern Atlantic (Ref. 6949, 48637). Rarely attacks humans, usually with one quick, fierce strike, which, although serious, is rarely fatal. The world's record on hook and line is a 5.5-ft. fish taken in the Bahamas that weighed 103 lbs. (Ref. 13442). Caught by handline, set nets, and other fishing gear (Ref. 9768). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Daget, J., 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 350-351. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4339)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 21.7 - 28.9, mean 27.2 °C (based on 2020 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00711 - 0.01020), b=2.93 (2.89 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.09-0.11; tm=2-4).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 5.57 [2.60, 15.19] mg/100g; Iron = 0.229 [0.101, 0.480] mg/100g; Protein = 21.2 [19.3, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.054, 0.274] g/100g; Selenium = 21.4 [8.5, 52.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [4.1, 117.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.298 [0.187, 0.511] mg/100g (wet weight);