Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall ? - 59 m (Ref. 89891). Subtropical; 30°N - 18°N, 98°W - 73°W
Western Atlantic: northeastern Florida, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Bay of Campeche.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm 19.5, range 17 - 22 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251); common length : 37.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3815)
Found primarily on sponge and coral bottoms. Feeds mainly on invertebrates (Ref. 9739).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 27.7, mean 25.7 °C (based on 174 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00691 - 0.02514), b=2.84 (2.68 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.9 [11.6, 57.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.568 [0.288, 1.182] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.173 [0.097, 0.318] g/100g; Selenium = 16.2 [7.2, 33.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.8 [6.6, 119.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.641 [0.393, 0.993] mg/100g (wet weight);