分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 200 m (Ref. 26938). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 18°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Rhode Island (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico southward to Brazil. Most abundant in the West Indies (Ref. 9626).
西大西洋: 羅德島州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部向南至巴西。 也在加勒比海, 包括安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 最豐富在西印度群島.(參考文獻 9626) 墨西哥灣西部沒有出現。 (參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 36.0, range 30 - 42 cm
Max length : 76.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 54.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3815); 最大体重: 10.6 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (总数) : 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 12; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10. Blue line under each eye. Corner of mouth and isthmus have orange cast (Ref. 26938). An irregular row of small molariform teeth inside and toward the front of the three usual rows of molars at side of upper jaw; dorsal profile of head evenly convex and not very steep (Ref. 13442).
在每个眼下面的蓝色的线。 嘴角与峡部有橘色的外貌。 (参考文献 26938) 一个不规则的小臼齿型齿列在而且之内在上颌的侧边朝向这三个的前面平常的列臼齿; 头部的背面轮廓均匀地中凸的而不是非常陡峭的.(参考文献 13442)
Inhabits coastal waters. Found on vegetated sand bottoms and more frequently on coral bottoms. Occasionally found at depths at least 180m (Ref. 09710) and 200 m. (Ref. 26938). Large adults are usually solitary. Feeds mainly on sea urchins, (including Diadema, Ref. 13442), crabs and mollusks. Excellent food fish (Ref. 5521).
栖息于沿岸水域。 栖息于长满植物的砂质底部了与更时常在珊瑚底部上。 偶然地发现于深度至少 180 公尺 (参考文献 09710) 与 200 公尺了。 (参考文献 26938). 大的成鱼是通常独居性的。 主要吃海胆 ,(包括 Diadema, 参考文献 13442), 螃蟹与软件动物。 优良的食用鱼.(参考文献 5521)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 羅德島州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部向南至巴西。 也在加勒比海, 包括安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 最豐富在西印度群島.(參考文獻 9626) 墨西哥灣西部沒有出現。 (參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 27.5, mean 24.3 °C (based on 261 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01684 - 0.04108), b=2.92 (2.79 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.2 [7.6, 38.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.493 [0.250, 1.048] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.176 [0.096, 0.330] g/100g; Selenium = 23.3 [10.6, 48.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.5 [5.2, 98.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.56 [0.34, 0.85] mg/100g (wet weight);
