分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 150 m (Ref. 5222), usually 2 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 33°N - 28°S, 98°W - 28°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, Caribbean (mainly insular localities), and Brazil.
西大西洋: 墨西哥灣，百慕達群島，加勒比海 (主要島的地點) 與巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 84.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 10.2 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 41 年 (Ref. 36872)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Tan to brown above, paler below; upper parts of head and most of body usually have small, brown, close-set spots; sometimes uniformly brown. Adults have exerted rays that are even and about equal in length; 23-27 total gill rakers (Ref. 26938); depth of body 3.0-3.4 times in SL; head length 2.8-3.0 times in SL; angular preopercle, enlarged serrae on prominent lobe at the angle and a distinct notch above the serrate lobe; greatly enlarged posterior nostrils in adults (Ref. 89707).
黃褐色的到上方褐色的, 腹面灰白的; 頭部與大部分的身體的上部通常有小的,褐色,靠攏在一起斑點; 有時全身褐色的。 成魚有發揮鰭條甚至那是大約長度相等; 23-27個總鰓耙.(參考文獻 26938)
Found mainly on rocky or coral bottoms from the shoreline to at least 55 m depth; small and middle-sized individuals commonly occur in mangrove-lined lagoons. Feeds on fishes. Sex-reversal observed (Ref. 5521). More common in island waters than along the coast (Ref. 26938). The tricolored pattern of the juveniles mimics that of the juveniles of the clown wrasse, Halichoeres maculipinna. The aggressive mimic’s behavior includes folding down the median and caudal fins, which adds to its wrasse imitation and allows it to approach its otherwise wary prey (Ref. 43465). Marketed fresh; flesh is of good quality.
主要發現在岩石的或珊瑚底部從海岸線到至少 55 公尺深; 小而中等的個體通常出現在紅樹林林列的潟湖。 吃魚。 性別-反轉觀察.(參考文獻 5521) 比沿著海岸較常見於島水域。 (參考文獻 26938) 稚魚的三色圖案小丑隆頭魚， 斑鰭海豬魚〔Halichoeres maculipinna〕 擬態稚魚。 侵略性擬態行為包括折疊的下來中動脈與尾鰭, 增加它的隆頭魚模仿，而且讓它接近它的不一樣小心獵物.(參考文獻 43465) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了; 肉是有好品質的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 32199).西大西洋: 墨西哥灣，百慕達群島，加勒比海 (主要島的地點) 與巴西。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 460 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00395 - 0.01056), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06; tmax=41).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.7 [7.2, 26.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.445 [0.222, 0.786] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.13, 0.39] g/100g; Selenium = 20.6 [9.7, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 86.4 [25.1, 331.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.542 [0.353, 0.817] mg/100g (wet weight);
