分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Lonchurus: Greek, logche = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的. 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Colombia to the Amazon delta in Brazil including the Windward islands.
西大西洋: 在包括上風的島的巴西的哥倫比亞到亞馬遜河三角州。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); common length : 22.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (总数) : 10 - 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 37 - 39; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 9. Body often brownish to yellowish, slightly darker above. All fins darkish, pectoral fins long and jet black. Base of pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Inside of gill cover dusky. Mouth large, but inferior, nearly horizontal. Chin with a pair of moderately long, slender barbels (longer than eye diameter). Pectoral fins very long, upper rays filamentous, extending to caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins with first soft ray filamentous, extending beyond anus. Gas bladder reduced in size, much shorter than head length; bearing anteriorly 1 pair of appendages, the first short and horn-like, the second long, tube-like, and directed backward (Ref 51721).
身体时常褐色的到淡黄色的, 颜色略深的上方。 所有的鳍微暗的, 胸鳍长的与墨黑色。 腹鳍与臀鳍的基底淡黄色的。 在鳃盖之内暗色的。 嘴大的, 但是下方的, 几乎水平。 下巴有一对中等长度又细长的触须 (长度超过眼直径) 。 胸鳍非常长又上面的鳍条丝状的, 延伸至尾柄。 腹鳍有第一个软的鳍条丝状的, 延伸超过肛门。 气鳔缩小又远短于头长; 前面地生长着 1对附肢, 第一个短而像触角一样的, 第二个长的﹐管状的, 而且朝向后面 (参考文献 51721).
Found usually over sandy to muddy bottoms in coastal marine and brackish waters. Important food fish.
在海洋沿岸与半咸淡水域中通常发现在砂质或泥质底部上了。 重要的食用鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 在包括上風的島的巴西的哥倫比亞到亞馬遜河三角州。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.8 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 162 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00278 - 0.01190), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
