分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Lonchurus: Greek, logche = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Colombia to the Amazon delta in Brazil including the Windward islands.
西大西洋: 在包括上風的島的巴西的哥倫比亞到亞馬遜河三角州。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); common length : 22.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數) : 37 - 39; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9. Body often brownish to yellowish, slightly darker above. All fins darkish, pectoral fins long and jet black. Base of pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Inside of gill cover dusky. Mouth large, but inferior, nearly horizontal. Chin with a pair of moderately long, slender barbels (longer than eye diameter). Pectoral fins very long, upper rays filamentous, extending to caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins with first soft ray filamentous, extending beyond anus. Gas bladder reduced in size, much shorter than head length; bearing anteriorly 1 pair of appendages, the first short and horn-like, the second long, tube-like, and directed backward (Ref 51721).
身體時常褐色的到淡黃色的, 顏色略深的上方。 所有的鰭微暗的, 胸鰭長的與墨黑色。 腹鰭與臀鰭的基底淡黃色的。 在鰓蓋之內暗色的。 嘴大的, 但是下方的, 幾乎水平。 下巴有一對中等長度又細長的觸鬚 (長度超過眼直徑) 。 胸鰭非常長又上面的鰭條絲狀的, 延伸至尾柄。 腹鰭有第一個柔軟鰭條絲狀的, 延伸超過肛門。 氣鰾縮小又遠短於頭長; 前面地生長著 1對附肢, 第一個短而像觸角一樣的, 第二個長的﹐管狀的, 而且朝向後面 (參考文獻 51721).
Found usually over sandy to muddy bottoms in coastal marine and brackish waters. Important food fish.
在海洋沿岸與半鹹淡水域中通常發現在砂質或泥質底部上了。 重要的食用魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 在包括上風的島的巴西的哥倫比亞到亞馬遜河三角州。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.8 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 162 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00278 - 0.01190), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
