Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 10 - 183 m (Ref. 5951). Temperate; 54°N - 29°N
Western Atlantic: Newfoundland in Canada to northeastern Florida in USA.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3821)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 8; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 7. Upper side grey or brown with poorly defined black spots and saddles. Belly yellow to white. Tiny jet-black pepper spots (about 1 mm in diameter) scattered over most of pigmented surface, particularly evident on cheeks. Lower sides with a row of black, elongate, bar-like markings. No lappets on head or body (Ref 53033).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits bays, estuaries and protected coastal waters. Sold as `sea squab' in northern part of range. Feeds primarily on shellfish, occasionally on finfish. Reportedly non-toxic.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquarium: Commercieel
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Gewenste temperatuur (Ref.
123201): 4.9 - 24.4, mean 9.3 °C (based on 71 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02455 (0.01124 - 0.05359), b=2.88 (2.71 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.6).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
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Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.7 [16.1, 97.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.415 [0.167, 0.986] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.641 [0.299, 1.355] g/100g; Selenium = 15.5 [6.7, 35.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.65 [2.05, 30.83] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.49 [0.34, 0.77] mg/100g (wet weight);