分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 60 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 21°N - 26°S, 90°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Antilles and Costa Rica to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Also Honduras (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 安地列斯群島與哥斯大黎加到巴西里約熱內盧。 也宏都拉斯.(參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 11.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 500.00 g (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 24 - 26; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8. Colour silvery grey, darker above. A dark spot at bases of pectoral fins. Pelvic and anal fins often yellowish. A medium-sized to small fish, short and robust. Mouth very large, strongly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Teeth very small and sharp, set in 1 or 2 rows along edges of jaws. Chin without barbels, but with 4 minute pores. Snout with 5 marginal pores, no rostral pores. Gas bladder with a pair of small, horn-like anterior appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) thick and short (Ref 51721).
颜色银灰色的, 背面颜色较深。 在胸鳍基底鳍的一个深色斑点。 腹鳍与臀鳍时常淡黄色的。 一中等大小的对小鱼, 短与结实的。 嘴非常大的，极倾斜, 下颌突出的。 齿非常小的而且锐利地，在 1 或 2 列的组沿着颚的边缘。 没有触须的下巴,但是有 4个细小的孔。 吻部有 5个边缘的孔 , 没有喙孔。 气鳔有一对小又像触角一样的前肢。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 厚与短的 (参考文献 51721).
Inhabits coastal waters, usually found over mud and sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 3702). Also in estuaries (Ref. 3702). Important food fish.
栖息于沿岸水域, 通常发现在泥与沙泥底上面了.(参考文献 3702) 也在河口.(参考文献 3702) 重要的食用鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 安地列斯群島與哥斯大黎加到巴西里約熱內盧。 也宏都拉斯.(參考文獻 26938)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: occasionally
工具
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 186 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00800 - 0.00948), b=3.09 (3.07 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 177 [103, 341] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.62, 2.00] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.0, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.133, 0.412] g/100g; Selenium = 49.5 [27.5, 92.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.4 [8.2, 54.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [1.06, 2.05] mg/100g (wet weight);
