分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 60 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶; 21°N - 26°S, 90°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Antilles and Costa Rica to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Also Honduras (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 安地列斯群島與哥斯大黎加到巴西里約熱內盧。 也宏都拉斯.(參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 11.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 500.00 g (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 24 - 26; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8. Colour silvery grey, darker above. A dark spot at bases of pectoral fins. Pelvic and anal fins often yellowish. A medium-sized to small fish, short and robust. Mouth very large, strongly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Teeth very small and sharp, set in 1 or 2 rows along edges of jaws. Chin without barbels, but with 4 minute pores. Snout with 5 marginal pores, no rostral pores. Gas bladder with a pair of small, horn-like anterior appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) thick and short (Ref 51721).
顏色銀灰色的, 背面顏色較深。 在胸鰭基底鰭的一個深色斑點。 腹鰭與臀鰭時常淡黃色的。 一中等大小的對小魚, 短與結實的。 嘴非常大的﹐極傾斜, 下頜突出的。 齒非常小的而且銳利地，在 1 或 2 列的組沿著顎的邊緣。 沒有觸鬚的下巴,但是有 4個細小的孔。 吻部有 5個邊緣的孔 , 沒有喙孔。 氣鰾有一對小又像觸角一樣的前肢。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 厚與短的 (參考文獻 51721).
Inhabits coastal waters, usually found over mud and sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 3702). Also in estuaries (Ref. 3702). Important food fish.
棲息於沿岸水域, 通常發現在泥與沙泥底上面了.(參考文獻 3702) 也在河口.(參考文獻 3702) 重要的食用魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 安地列斯群島與哥斯大黎加到巴西里約熱內盧。 也宏都拉斯.(參考文獻 26938)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: occasionally
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 186 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00800 - 0.00948), b=3.09 (3.07 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 177 [103, 341] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.62, 2.00] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.0, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.133, 0.412] g/100g; Selenium = 49.5 [27.5, 92.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.4 [8.2, 54.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [1.06, 2.05] mg/100g (wet weight);
