分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 54254), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54254). 溫帶; 75°N - 30°N, 77°W - 42°E
North Atlantic: including the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 包括西南方的波羅海，地中海與黑海。 西大西洋: 對岬注意的拉布拉多。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 28.7, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大体重: 3.4 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年龄: 17 年 (Ref. 207)
背棘 (总数) : 8 - 14; 背的软条 (总数) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 13; 脊椎骨: 31. This species has the following characters: no well developed corselet; interpelvic process small and single; anal fin spine conspicuous, joined to the fin by a membrane but clearly independent of it; anal fin origin opposite that of second dorsal fin; no swim bladder; first haemal spine anterior to first interneural process; 21-28 interneural bones under first dorsal fin; markings on back oblique to near vertical, with relatively little undulating; belly unmarked (Ref. 168).
没有发展良好的甲胄。 腹鳍间的突起小的与单个。 臀鳍棘显着的, 连到了鳍经由一个膜但是清楚独立的它。 第二背鳍鳍的那对面的臀鳍起源。 泳鳔不存在。 第一个脉棘第一个位于背侧间的突起前; 在第一背鳍下面的 21 到 28个背侧间的硬骨。 斑纹背面斜的到接近垂直的, 有相当波动的一点点; 腹面无标记的。
Abundant in cold and temperate shelf areas, forms large schools near the surface. They overwinter in deeper waters but move closer to shore in spring when water temperatures range between 11° and 14°C. Mainly diurnal, it feeds on zooplankton and small fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The species is traded fresh, frozen, smoked and canned. Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Two stocks in north-east Atlantic: North Sea (east) and British Isles (west). North Sea stock decreased dramatically in the 1960's because of direct overfishing. Recruitment has been poor and unstable. After spawning, the adult feed very actively moving around in small shoals (Ref. 35388).
丰富的在寒冷与温带大陆架区域中, 形成大群鱼群接近水表面。 他们在较深的水域中过冬但是在水温在 11个 ° 与 14个 ° C. 之间排列的春天移动更靠近海岸 主要日行性, 它吃浮游动物与小鱼。 卵与仔鱼是大洋性的。 此鱼种生鲜地被交易,冷冻,烟熏了而且装于罐头。 油炸后食用, 火烤了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988) 在东北方大西洋的二分枝: 北海 (东方) 与英国人成为岛屿 (西方) 。 北海分枝在 1960 年代中戏剧性地减少了由于直接的捕捞过度。 入添已经是少量的与不稳定。 在产卵之后，成鱼非常活跃地吃小的浅滩中到处移动。 (参考文献 35388) 这种的鲭 handliners 渔场西南部已经被检定藉由海洋的总管职务会议 (http:// www.msc.org/) 当管理良好且族群能维持。
東大西洋: 包括西南方的波羅海，地中海與黑海。 西大西洋: 對岬注意的拉布拉多。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 17.5, mean 10.2 °C (based on 2460 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00585 - 0.00713), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 (2.3 - 4.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=0.33-0.56; K=0.23-0.27; tm=2-3; tmax=17; Fec=200,000).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 10 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.1 [7.8, 49.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.705 [0.260, 1.627] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [19.4, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.761 [0.515, 1.159] g/100g; Selenium = 52 [28, 97] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.8 [5.0, 65.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.695 [0.445, 1.022] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
