Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten. Tropical; 25°N - 4°N
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to northern Colombia.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.4 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 95327); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 55763); publicerad maxvikt: 626.00 g (Ref. 124487)
Short description
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Body elongate and somewhat compressed; dorsal profile slightly concave above the eyes; lateral line extending to posterior edge of caudal fin; second anal spine, when folded down, reaching or surpassing origin of caudal fin; pectoral and pelvic fins sub-equal; first gill arch with 26 to 31 gill rakers; back blue gray; belly white; lateral line pale; membranes between dorsal spines and between second and third anal spines pale (Ref. 55763).
Adults are found mainly in estuaries but also enter freshwater to an elevation of 50 m. Diet consists primarily of fish, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 36880).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Bussing, W.A., 1995. Centropomidae. Róbalos. p. 987-995. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9284)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24 - 28.6, mean 27.5 °C (based on 26 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00508 - 0.01134), b=3.03 (2.91 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 187 [113, 334] mg/100g; Iron = 1.62 [0.97, 2.52] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.2, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.299 [0.130, 0.710] g/100g; Selenium = 37.4 [18.2, 81.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.5 [5.7, 39.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.5 [1.1, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight);