Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة. Tropical; 25°N - 4°N
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to northern Colombia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.4 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 95327); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 626.00 g (Ref. 124487)
Body elongate and somewhat compressed; dorsal profile slightly concave above the eyes; lateral line extending to posterior edge of caudal fin; second anal spine, when folded down, reaching or surpassing origin of caudal fin; pectoral and pelvic fins sub-equal; first gill arch with 26 to 31 gill rakers; back blue gray; belly white; lateral line pale; membranes between dorsal spines and between second and third anal spines pale (Ref. 55763).
Adults are found mainly in estuaries but also enter freshwater to an elevation of 50 m. Diet consists primarily of fish, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref. 36880).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Bussing, W.A., 1995. Centropomidae. Róbalos. p. 987-995. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9284)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24 - 28.6, mean 27.5 °C (based on 26 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00508 - 0.01134), b=3.03 (2.91 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 187 [113, 334] mg/100g; Iron = 1.62 [0.97, 2.52] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.2, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.299 [0.130, 0.710] g/100g; Selenium = 37.4 [18.2, 81.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.5 [5.7, 39.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.5 [1.1, 2.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
