分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
單棘魨科 (Filefishes)
Etymology: Cantherhines: Greek, kanthos = the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the lids meet, 1646 + Greek, rhinos = nose (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 3 - 50 m (Ref. 3592), usually 3 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 26°S, 98°W - 10°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 3592).
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西東南方。 東大西洋: 聖多美，幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 3592)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 14.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3592)
背棘 (總數) : 2; 背的軟條 (總數) : 33 - 36; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 29 - 32. First dorsal spine originating over center or front part of eye and followed by a deep groove into which the spine can fold; body with small scattered orange spots, many of which have brown centers, and whitish spots of same size; dull yellow lines on head which run towards snout, those near eye alternating with bluish lines (Ref. 13442).
第一背鰭棘開始眼的中心之上或前端而且跟隨著一個深溝進入那一個棘能摺疊; 身體有小的分散橘色的斑點, 許多那裡有褐色中心 , 與微白色的斑點大小相同; 在向吻跑的頭部上的暗黃色線, 其次為藍色的線那些個近的眼.(參考文獻 13442)
Found in shallow water and around coral and rocky reefs (Ref. 3790). Usually remains near the bottom, hiding among gorgonians and branching coral (Ref. 9710). Feeds on bottom growth, primarily sponge and algae, but stomach often contain tunicates, bryozoans and other sessile benthic invertebrates (Ref. 5521). The young are pelagic and highly important food items in the diet of large predaceous fishes such as tunas and billfishes (Ref. 3790). Generally considered as trash fish, rarely consumed (Ref. 3790).
發現於淺水區了與珊瑚礁與岩礁的周圍.(參考文獻 3790) 通常在底部的附近保持, 在柳珊瑚與樹枝狀珊瑚之中藏。 (參考文獻 9710) 吃底部成長, 主要地海綿與藻類, 但是腹部時常包含被囊類，苔蘚蟲類與其他的固著底棲的無脊椎動物.(參考文獻 5521) 幼魚在大食肉的魚的食性例如鮪魚與青旗魚是大洋性與高度重要的食物組成。 (參考文獻 3790) 通常被當作下雜魚了, 很少地消費。 (參考文獻 3790)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西東南方。 東大西洋: 聖多美，幾內亞灣.(參考文獻 3592)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 February 2014
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 402 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.01256 - 0.03811), b=2.88 (2.72 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.9 [4.9, 86.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.924 [0.313, 2.627] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.3, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.057, 0.285] g/100g; Selenium = 20.4 [7.1, 61.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.8 [8.8, 168.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [0.6, 2.5] mg/100g (wet weight);
