Issue
Distribution needs major revision due to questionable (unconfirmed) occurences reported by major references (Ref. 57869:385-6).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; amfidroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 1 - 350 m (Ref. 38189). Subtropical; 45°N - 44°S, 89°E - 154°E
Eastern Indian Ocean, Malay Peninsula, southern Philippines, northern Java, Arafura Sea, Louisiade Archipelago, and northern half and southwestern Australia. Reports of Introduction in the Mediterranean are questionable. Confirmed and questionable reports of its occurrence (and references) are discussed in Inoue & Nakabo 2006 (Ref. 57869:385-6).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 19.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5450); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 7 Jaren (Ref. 94612)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 11 - 12; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 11 - 12. Cigar-shaped, rounded or slightly compressed; the head pointed and depressed; the snout rounded. Dorsal origin closer to the adipose origin than the snout tip. Anal fin origin is closer to the tail base than the operculum. Color is brown-gray above and creamy below, with 8-10 indistinct darker spots along the middle of the sides.
Found on the sublittoral zone above 100 m over sand or mud bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 11228, 11230). Feeds on fishes (anchovy and red mullet Mullus surmuletus), crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213). Spawns from April to May off Japan. Generally marketed frozen, sometimes fresh and as fish cakes ('kamaboko') in Japan (Ref. 4964). Minimum depth from Ref. 12260.
Russell, B.C., 1999. Synodontidae: lizardfishes (also bombay ducks, sauries). p. 1928-1945. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 1397-2068. (Ref. 38189)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.8 - 27.9, mean 26 °C (based on 583 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00465 - 0.00621), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 (1.8 - 3.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 40
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.3-0.9; tm=1-2; tmax=8; Fec=84,802).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [6.4, 45.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.406 [0.138, 0.948] mg/100g; Protein = 16 [14, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.105 [0.035, 0.259] g/100g; Selenium = 22.4 [8.0, 51.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.6 [15.2, 235.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.287, 0.826] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
