分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes)
飛魚科 (Flyingfishes)
Etymology: Parexocoetus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, exos = outside + Greek, koite = hole (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 20 m. 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 35°S, 34°E -
Indo-Pacific: widespread from East Africa, including the Red Sea (Ref. 26165) to southern Japan, Hawaii, the Marquesas, and Queensland (Australia); separate population in the eastern tropical Pacific (Bay of Panama). Western Atlantic: northeastern Florida, USA and the Bahamas to Brazil (Ref. 7251); common in Caribbean Sea and Lesser Antilles area; less common in the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf Stream and the western Sargasso Sea (Ref. 3720). Eastern Atlantic: Guinea to Angola (Ref. 4498).
印度-太平洋: 廣泛分佈從東非, 包括紅海 (參考文獻 26165) 到日本南部，夏威夷，馬可薩斯島與昆士蘭省 (澳洲); 在熱帶的太平洋 (巴拿馬的海灣) 東部分開族群。 西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達東北方與巴哈馬到巴西;(參考文獻 7251) 常見於加勒比海與小安地列斯群島區域; 較不普遍在墨西哥灣, 墨西哥灣流與藻海 西部.(參考文獻 3720) 東大西洋: 幾內亞到安哥拉.(參考文獻 4498)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 12.0, range 11 - 13 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 16.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 14. Body iridescent greenish blue dorsally, silvery white ventrally; dorsal black except for base and posterior rays which are pale; pelvic fins greyish, other fins transparent (Ref. 2797).
身體彩虹色的藍綠色的背面, 腹面銀白色的; 背部的黑色除了基底與在後部的鰭條，那是灰白的; 腹鰭略灰色又其他的鰭透明.(參考文獻 2797)
Occurs in coastal waters (Ref. 9300), rare in the open ocean (Ref. 9839). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding for considerable distances above the surface. 3-4 individuals aggregate during breeding (Ref. 47825). Carnivorous (Ref. 9137). Not important as food fish, but occasionally taken by fisheries.
出現於沿岸水域 (參考文獻 9300), 稀有的在開放性海域中.(參考文獻 9839) 能夠從水中跳出來而且在水面上滑行相當的距離。 3-4個個體在繁殖的時候聚集。 (參考文獻 47825) 肉食性.(參考文獻 9137) 不是重要的作為食用魚, 但是偶然地採自了漁場。
During breeding, a spawning aggregation composed at least of 3-4 individuals, probably 2-3 males to 1 female, were observed jumping and flying over the water surface, exuding ripe eggs and sperm in the process.
Spawning on surface substrate (e.g. flotsam) when present is the usual reproductive mode but other modes may be employed if this substrate is not available. The fertilised eggs may remain suspended in the water surface during its development with the help of the small filaments on the egg surface and the adhesive filaments holding the egg mass together, by increasing the surface to volume ratio of the eggs, which aids in propping the eggs up in the water column. The eggs may also be suspended upon current or become benthic.印度-太平洋: 廣泛分佈從東非, 包括紅海 (參考文獻 26165) 到日本南部，夏威夷，馬可薩斯島與昆士蘭省 (澳洲); 在熱帶的太平洋 (巴拿馬的海灣) 東部分開族群。 西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達東北方與巴哈馬到巴西;(參考文獻 7251) 常見於加勒比海與小安地列斯群島區域; 較不普遍在墨西哥灣, 墨西哥灣流與藻海 西部.(參考文獻 3720) 東大西洋: 幾內亞到安哥拉.(參考文獻 4498)
Parin, N.V., 1996. On the species composition of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5):357-364. (Ref. 27313)
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漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 29.2, mean 27.8 °C (based on 4764 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00292 - 0.01429), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 479 [160, 1,136] mg/100g; Iron = 3.29 [1.39, 7.43] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.4, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.339 [0.115, 1.121] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [11.1, 88.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9 [2, 49] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [0.85, 2.51] mg/100g (wet weight);
