Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 183 m (Ref. 26268), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 26268). Subtropical; 45°N - 15°N, 94°W - 65°W (Ref. 26268)
Western Atlantic: New York south through the Florida Keys (USA), through the northern Gulf of Mexico to the Campeche Peninsula, Mexico, the Bahamas, and Cuba.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 10.1, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 52683)
Raios dorsais (total) : 85 - 92; Raios anais : 69 - 72. Eyed side dark brown, sometimes with narrow bars; large blackish patch on opercle.
Very abundant in shallow coastal waters and estuaries. Found on soft muddy bottoms. Feeds mainly on small benthic invertebrates, principally small crabs, polychaetes, copepods, amphipods and ostracods.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.7 - 27.9, mean 24.4 °C (based on 406 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00370 - 0.00565), b=3.19 (3.13 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
