分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Melichthys: Greek, melas, melaina, melan, black + icthys yos, fish. On the other hand, in Smith et al.,1986: 878), 'body dark brown to black' in https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/266635#page/902/mode/1up.(P. Romero, pers.comm. 03/2022)..
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 75 m (Ref. 9710), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亚热带的; 30°N - 29°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal. Uncommon in most areas but abundant around isolated oceanic islands (Ref. 9710).
Circumtropical。 西太平洋: 琉球与小笠原群岛向东至 Tuamoto 岛。 东太平洋: 圣地亚哥, 到 Malpelo 岛，哥伦比亚的美国加州.(参考文献 9276) 西大西洋: 美国的佛罗里达与巴哈马到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 不存在于墨西哥湾。 (参考文献 26938) 东大西洋: 圣保罗岩礁 (13121) ，圣赫勒拿岛，阿森松岛， Rolas 岛与维德角.(参考文献 7348) 圣多美岛.(参考文献 34088) 西印度洋: 德尔班，南非的纳塔尔.(参考文獻 4420) 罕見在大多數的區域中但是豐富的孤立大洋性島嶼的周圍.(參考文獻 9710)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3272)
背棘 (总数) : 3; 背的软条 (总数) : 30 - 34; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 28 - 30. This species is distinguished by the following characters: a deep groove in front of eye; 20-25 head scale rows from corner of mouth to lower end of gill opening; 57-66 body scale rows from upper end of gill opening to caudal fin base; presence of prominent longitudinal ridges following scale rows of posterior body; slightly rounded to double emarginate caudal fin; a thin white bar neat posterior margin of the caudal fin; black spots on scales forming lines (Ref. 90102).
一只黑的黑绿色的鳞 有带紫色的弦外之音。 蓝灰色线沿着软背鳍与臀鳍的基底。 身体的后面部份的鳞片让突出的龙骨脊形成纵向的脊。 (参考文献 26938)
Inhabit clear seaward reefs. More common around oceanic islands (Ref. 9276). Found on inner and outer reef crests, usually near the slope or drop-off to deeper water, where in small but loose aggregations. Sometimes swim high above substrate feeding on zooplankton (Ref. 48637). May also be solitary (Ref. 90102). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Diet consists primarily of calcareous algae and zooplankton (Ref. 1602); also feed on phytoplankton (Ref. 5213). At Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southeast Atlantic, groups of about 100 individuals join groups of spinner dolphins to feed on feces and vomits of the cetaceans when they congregate in a shallow bay for rest and social interactions. The postures a dolphin adopts prior to defecating or vomiting are recognized, and the fish begin to converge to the dolphin shortly before the actual voiding. Offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking (Ref. 48727). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9770). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
栖息于清澈的临海礁石。 更普遍大洋性岛屿的周围.(参考文献 9276) 栖息于了内部的与外围礁石顶冠, 通常在斜坡或急下降到较深的水域附近, 在哪里在小的但是松散的鱼群。 有时游泳高于底部捕食浮游动物 (参考文献 48637). 食物主要地石灰质藻类与浮游动物组成;(参考文献 1602) 也吃浮游植物。 (参考文献 5213) 在 Fernando de Noronha 列岛，东南大西洋，大约 100个个体的群体结合群体的飞旋海豚觅食残渣与鲸类的吐出物当
他们对于休息与社会的交互作用在一个水浅的海灣中聚集。 姿勢一隻海豚在除去污物之前採取，否則嘔吐被辨認出, 與魚開始在真實的空虛前不久聚集到海豚。 碎肉進食可能是從浮游生物進食到漂流碎肉採集視為單一的行為變化。 (參考文獻 48727) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 9770)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).Circumtropical。 西太平洋: 琉球与小笠原群岛向东至 Tuamoto 岛。 东太平洋: 圣地亚哥, 到 Malpelo 岛，哥伦比亚的美国加州.(参考文献 9276) 西大西洋: 美国的佛罗里达与巴哈马到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 不存在于墨西哥湾。 (参考文献 26938) 东大西洋: 圣保罗岩礁 (13121) ，圣赫勒拿岛，阿森松岛， Rolas 岛与维德角.(参考文献 7348) 圣多美岛.(参考文献 34088) 西印度洋: 德尔班，南非的纳塔尔.(参考文獻 4420) 罕見在大多數的區域中但是豐富的孤立大洋性島嶼的周圍.(參考文獻 9710)
Matsuura, K., 2001. Balistidae. Triggerfishes. p. 3911-3928. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9770)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28.9, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1548 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.01232 - 0.05364), b=2.94 (2.77 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.1 [8.5, 59.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.571 [0.293, 1.352] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.15 [0.08, 0.31] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [9, 49] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24 [5, 107] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.775 [0.488, 1.276] mg/100g (wet weight);
