Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal. Tropical; 8°N - 3°S, 59°W - 43°W
South America: Guyana to Maranhão, Brazil.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 108869); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3265)
Coastal, found chiefly in turbid waters of estuaries and around river mouths. Reproduction appears to be between September to November. Egg diameter is 14-15 mm, numbering about 30-35 per female. Males practice mouth brooding (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh and salted; exported frozen (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Taylor, W.R. and N.A. Menezes, 1978. Ariidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). volume 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3265)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27 - 28.5, mean 27.6 °C (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00401 - 0.00948), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 138 [75, 277] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.67, 1.68] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [15.3, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.087, 0.259] g/100g; Selenium = 48.8 [27.1, 95.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.1 [9.3, 40.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [1.02, 2.16] mg/100g (wet weight);