Classification / Names
Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 40 - 120 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 10°N - 4°S, 92°W - 81°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands, Isla del Coco, and off Costa Rica. It probably occurs off Mexico. Galapagos Islands subpopulation is classified as vulnerable in the 2004 IUCN red list of threatened species (Ref. 53964).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5222); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 22.3 kg (Ref. 40637)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 14 - 16; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale brown, with distinct greenish sheen on the body; dark color of lips, tip of lower jaw and dorsal part of the body; brown fins, darker than body, with blue-green sheen; pelvic fins pale brown with dusky membranes; juveniles without distinctive markings except for a dark maxillary groove; body depth 2.6-3.0 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.8 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width greater than eye diameter; preopercle subangular, serrae at angle slightly enlarged; slightly convex upper edge of operculum; subequal nostrils or posterior nostril slightly larger; maxilla reaches past vertical through centre of eye; midside of lower jaw with two rows of teeth; truncate caudal fin with rounded corners in adults, convex in juveniles; midlateral body scales distinctly ctenoid, auxiliary scales in large adults (Ref. 089707).
Deep-water species found on rocky reefs in depths of 40-120 m (Ref. 089707). Marketed fresh (Ref.9342).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 20.9, mean 20.8 °C (based on 5 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00618 - 0.01945), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 65.4 [28.7, 144.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.889 [0.406, 2.092] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.102, 0.372] g/100g; Selenium = 77.5 [37.3, 183.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.8 [6.5, 105.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.993 [0.618, 1.632] mg/100g (wet weight);
