Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; رود کوچ (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 100 m (Ref. 50610). Temperate; 50°N - 42°N
Northwest Pacific: Sea of Japan, from southern Kuril Islands and Primorskii Krai, Russia to Hokkaido.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 559); common length : 50.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 559); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 24.0 kg (Ref. 56527); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 16 سال ها
Usually inhabits lower and middle reaches of rivers and lakes. A sea-run form is found in the eastern coast of Hokkaido. Young feed mainly on aquatic insects while fishes more than 30 cm are completely piscivorous. Spawns in spring in river branches, where the female lays 2,000-10,000 eggs on sandy or gravelly bottom.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; آبزي پروري: آزمايشي
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.6 - 9, mean 6.1 °C (based on 30 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00437 - 0.01257), b=2.97 (2.82 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 22.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).