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Tylosurus imperialis (Rafinesque, 1810)

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Tylosurus imperialis
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Beloniformes (Needle fishes) 頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) > Belonidae (Needlefishes) 頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Tylosurus: Greek, tylos = callus + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rafinesque.

Issue
Considered mostly as a subspecies in the literature. Therefore the upraise at species rank here is considered as a provisionally accepted name, until more works are conducted

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 10 m (Ref. 86942). 亞熱帶的

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Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde, Morocco, and the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 5757); possibly in Ascension I. (see comments on Ref. 98447 in country and biblio record).
東大西洋: 維德角，摩洛哥與地中海。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits offshore waters, but also found in coastal waters. Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 6530). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205).

棲息於離岸水域, 也發現於沿岸水域。 主要吃小魚。 (參考文獻 6530) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的捲鬚水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

東大西洋: 維德角，摩洛哥與地中海。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1990. Belonidae. p. 592-597. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5757)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 March 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  有雪卡魚毒中毒的報導 (Ref. 30911)





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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = No PD50 data   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00126 (0.00056 - 0.00281), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).