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Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 30 - 50 m (Ref. 4430). Tropical; 15°N - 17°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 114953)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 114953)

Found in continental shelf in shallow water to at least 15 m deep. Presumably feeds on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males mature at ca. 32 cm TL, females at ca. 35 cm TL (Ref. 114953).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | mitra

Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter, 1990. Torpedinidae. p. 55-58. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4430)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

terancam (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 04 August 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

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Other

penggunaan manusia

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa

Ecology
Ekologi

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva

Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Otak
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suara-suara ikan
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetika
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Nama-nama umum
Sinonim (persamaan)
Morfologi
Morfometrik
Gambar

References
Acuan

Alat, peralatan

laporan khas

semak penyelenggaraan akuarium | semak helaian fakta spesis | semak helaian fakta aqulcalture

muat turun XML

ringkasan halaman | Point data | Nama-nama umum | fotos/gambar

Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.8 - 25.9, mean 23.6 °C (based on 13 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Assuming fecundity<100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).

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