Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 3 - 40 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; - 30°S
Western Indian Ocean: East Africa south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 5372). Also found in oceanic islands.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9710)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 13 - 14; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 15 - 17; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 15 - 17. Black spot with white or bluish edges on its sides (Ref. 5372).
Usually seen alone or in pairs (specially during spawning) but occasionally in small groups, particularly in the vicinity of staghorn Acropora and Goniopora (Ref. 5503) thickets. Diet consists of live corals which makes it difficult to maintain in captivity (Ref. 4858). Little intraspecific nor interspecific aggressiveness (Ref. 5503). Oviparous (Ref. 205), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 27.9, mean 26.9 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01133 - 0.04632), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 133 [67, 212] mg/100g; Iron = 0.975 [0.567, 1.669] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.4, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.071, 0.217] g/100g; Selenium = 36 [19, 69] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.3 [14.0, 170.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [1.1, 2.5] mg/100g (wet weight);