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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 70 - 1480 m (Ref. 104125). Tropical; 28°N - 17°S, 18°W - 14°E

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Eastern Atlantic: Cap Juby, Mauritania to Angola.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.8 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 50427)

Occurs on mud bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 2683).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Desoutter, M., 1990. Cynoglossidae. p. 1050-1054. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6511)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 May 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 6.3 - 11.2, mean 8.7 °C (based on 42 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00339 (0.00207 - 0.00554), b=3.09 (2.95 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.65).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 241 [117, 514] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.61, 2.43] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.274 [0.114, 0.631] g/100g; Selenium = 82.1 [36.5, 177.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 32.2 [9.6, 103.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.41 [0.93, 2.18] mg/100g (wet weight);

Symphurus ligulatus (Cocco, 1844)