Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Hypnidae (Coffin rays)
Etymology: Hypnos: Greek, hypnos = sleep (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 0 - 240 m (Ref. 9710). Temperate; 18°S - 38°S, 112°E - 155°E (Ref. 114953)
Indo-West Pacific: endemic to Australia.
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 2272); common length : 40.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 6871)
Occurs inshore and offshore, ranging from the intertidal to 240 m depth (Ref. 9910, 12951). Found buried on sand and mud bottoms; sometimes found stranded out of water by the tide but is capable of surviving for hours (Ref. 9910). Feeds on crabs, worms, and fishes. It was reported that larger fishes, similar size to themselves have been found in the stomachs of Coffin rays, ingested whole through the large gape (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maximum length probably to 92 cm TL (Ref. 9910). Both sexes mature at 40-48 cm TL; born at ca. 8-11 cm TL (Ref. 114953). A slow-moving species which uses its electric organs to stun prey. Also stuns people when accidentally stepped upon or handled (Ref. 9910).
Жизненный цикл и брачное поведение
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Плодовитость | личинки
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Size at birth 8 to 11 cm TL (Ref. 9910).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Предпочтительная температура (ссылка
123201): 15.3 - 22.2, mean 17.4 °C (based on 134 cells).
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
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Питательные вещества (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.47 [0.28, 38.57] mg/100g; Iron = 0.157 [0.013, 1.622] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [13.0, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.099, 0.903] g/100g; Selenium = 9.87 [1.75, 49.78] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.6 [1.7, 276.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.479 [0.035, 5.305] mg/100g (wet weight);