分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Cottoidei (Sculpins)
鮋形目 (Sculpins) >
Cottidae (Sculpins)
杜父魚科 (Sculpins)
Etymology: Alpinocottus: Name from Latin words 'alpinus' for alpine or mountain and 'cottus' meaning sculpin; translation for 'Alpine sculpin', the common name of type species of this genus..
More on author: Heckel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 15 m (Ref. 58496). 溫帶; 72°N - 36°N, 10°E - 171°E
Europe and Asia: Streams in Carpathians draining to Danube, Dniestr, Vistula and Odra. Baltic Sea basin, especially in northern Sweden and Finland between 64 and 68°N, central Finnish lakes area, a few streams in southern Finland and northern Poland, Lake Ladoga and southern Lake Onega basins, a few lakes in northern Germany (extirpated), Lake Hañcza in Poland and Skjernaa drainage in Denmark. In Siberia from River Ob eastward to River Lena. Absent in rivers draining to Baltic Sea south of Iijöki drainage in central Finland and in rivers draining to the White and Barents Seas. Cottus populations from the Kolyma, Amur and Korean drainages usually identified as Cottus poecilopus belong to a different species.
歐洲: 北海流域 (東南方的挪威, 西方的 Jutland) ，波羅的海流域 (丹麥， Oder 與 Vistula 河，瑞典, Neva 河) ，黑海流域 (多瑙河與 Dneister 河). 其他地方, 在西伯利亞與遠的河東部的向東。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 9.0, range 4 - 10 cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4698); common length : 11.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35840); 最大年齡: 8 年 (Ref. 4698)
臀鰭軟條: 13 - 15. Differs from all other species of Cottus in Europe by possessing spatulate prickles; pelvic-fin rays tessellated, with 5-15 distinct rows of spot, appearing as transverse bands; and 2 chin pores. Additional characters useful in the identification of this species include: lateral line clearly above midline of body (shared only with C. koshewnikowi); lateral line clearly above midline of body; lateral line incomplete, usually reaching to anal-fin base; and prickling restricted to body under pectoral fin (Ref. 55856).
Inhabits northern, and mountain and foothill streams, and oligotrophic lakes. Found in fast-flowing waters of coastal streams, rivers, inland lakes, usually on stony bottoms (Ref. 4698). Moves downstream to estuaries and tolerates brackish waters (Ref. 4698). Feeds on algae (diatoms, desmids, blue-green algae), polychaetes, crustaceans, aquatic insect larvae and nymphs (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Chironomidae), fish eggs and larvae.
發現於海岸溪流，河的快速流動水域，內陸的湖了, 通常在多石底部上.(參考文獻 4698) 移動向下到河口而且容忍半鹹淡水域。 (參考文獻 4698) 吃藻類 (矽藻，鼓藻 , 藍綠藻) ，多毛類動物，甲殼動物，水生的昆蟲幼生與蛹 ( 蜉蝣 ， 毛翅目 ， ?翅目 , 搖蚊 ) ，魚卵與仔魚。
Females spawn onces a season. Most individuals spawn 2-3 seasons. They lay adhesive eggs in a compact clutch on ceiling of small cavities in gravel or rock bottom. Males guard eggs until hatching. males may guard egg clutches of several females. (Ref.59043).歐洲: 北海流域 (東南方的挪威, 西方的 Jutland) ，波羅的海流域 (丹麥， Oder 與 Vistula 河，瑞典, Neva 河) ，黑海流域 (多瑙河與 Dneister 河). 其他地方, 在西伯利亞與遠的河東部的向東。 在伯恩公約的附錄 3 中 (受保育的動物群).
Freyhof, J., M. Kottelat and A. Nolte, 2005. Taxonomic diversity of European Cottus with description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cottidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 16(2):107-172. (Ref. 55856)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00300 - 0.01523), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
