分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 9811). 熱帶; 32°N - 10°S, 48°E - 131°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to eastern Indonesia, north to Japan. Not recorded from Australia or New Guinea.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到印尼東部而且向北至日本。 從澳洲或新幾內亞沒有紀錄。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3517); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3517)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 43 - 50; 臀鰭軟條: 39 - 42; 脊椎骨: 33. Greyish to brownish dorsally, silvery white on sides. Covered in dark pigment spots. Fins silvery to greyish, darkest distally. Body firm, very deep, compressed. Caudal peduncle short, deep, strongly compressed, lacking scute-like scales or fleshy keels. Snout blunt, rounded, forehead almost straight. Eye small, central, much shorter than snout. Mouth small, subterminal, curved downward posteriorly, not reaching anterior margin of eye. Upper jaw covered with skin, joined to head, not movable. Jaw teeth minute, in a single series, flattened with 3 cusps (central cusp much larger than those adjacent). Gill membranes joined to belly. Gill slit short, its lower margin slightly below pectoral-fin base. Scales very small, cycloid, and deciduous, barely extending onto fin bases. Naked patch on head and nape with well-defined network of longitudinal sensory canals, patch not extending above pectoral-fin base. Lateral line high, following dorsal profile onto caudal peduncle (Ref 12928).
略灰色的到褐色的背面, 銀白色在側邊上。 在深色的斑點中涵蓋了。 鰭銀色到略灰色的, 深色的末梢部地。 身體結實的﹐非常深的﹐和扁長形的。 尾柄短的﹐深的﹐和非常扁長形的, 缺乏像鱗甲一樣的鱗片或肉質的龍骨脊。 吻鈍的, 圓的, 幾乎筆直地的前額。 眼小的﹐中央的﹐和遠短於吻。 嘴小的﹐接近端位的, 向下彎曲的在後部地, 不達到眼的前緣。 上頜覆蓋著皮膚,連到了頭部, 不是可動。 頜齒細小的, 成單一列, 平的有三個尖頭.(中央的尖頭比那些毗連者大很多) 鰓膜連到了腹面。 鰓縫短, 它的下緣些微地在胸鰭基底之下。 鱗片非常小的圓盤狀的, 與易脫落的, 幾乎延伸到鰭的基底。 在頭部與後頸上的裸露的區塊具有很清晰縱向感覺管的網絡, 小區塊不延伸到胸鰭基底上方。 在尾柄 (參考文獻 12928) 之上的側線高又下列的背面輪廓.
Occurs seasonally singly or in small schools over muddy bottoms; may enter estuaries. Feeds on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other zooplankton groups but will also prey on small benthic animals. Sold fresh in markets (Ref. 9811).
生存季節性獨自或一小群在泥沙底上面; 可能進入河口。 吃櫛水母，被囊動物，水母與其他的浮游動物群但是也會捕食小型底棲的動物。 生鮮販賣在市場中了。 (參考文獻 9811)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到印尼東部而且向北至日本。 從澳洲或新幾內亞沒有紀錄。
Last, P.R., 1997. Stromateidae. Butterfishes, silver pomfrets. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (in preparation). (Ref. 9811)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 508 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.00822 - 0.03676), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.5 [23.8, 140.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.512 [0.256, 1.080] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.1, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.109, 0.377] g/100g; Selenium = 124 [34, 456] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.4 [6.9, 62.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.743 [0.449, 1.403] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
