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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Acanthopagrus: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, pagros, a kind of fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม; กร่อย สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; สัตว์น้ำที่อาศัยและอพยพภายในทะเลเท่านั้น. Temperate; 19°S - 38°S
Southwest Pacific: endemic to eastern Australia, from Townsville in Queensland to the Gippsland Lakes in Victoria (Ref. 75154). Occurrence in Japan and Ryukyu Islands (Ref. 559) and Taiwan (Ref. 5193) need verification.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 24 - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm SL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 44894); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 4.5 kg (Ref. 6390); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 14 ปี (Ref. 56606)
Inhabitant estuaries, coastal rivers, creeks, lakes and bays, usually in marine or brackish water, but in dry seasons they penetrate the lowermost reaches of fresh water (Ref. 44894). Common in coastal and estuarine rocky habitat. They enter rivers upstream to the limit of brackish waters. They migrate from their feeding to their spawning grounds; they spawn mainly during winter in the vicinity of river entrances; eggs are planktonic and hatch after 2.5 days. A portion of the population changes sex from male to female after spawning. They feed on mollusks, crustaceans, worms, fish and ascidians. It is parasitised by the monogeneans Anoplodiscus australis and A. spari on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
A proportion of the population change sex from male to female after their first spawning season (Ref. 6390). Other fish remain functional males throughout their life and another small proportion develop directly into females at the age of 4 years (Ref. 27246, 28262). Also Ref. 28504.
The eggs and larvae are planktonic (Ref. 30572). After about four weeks the developed fry enter the estuary at night on the full moon and settle in estuarine littoral areas at about 1.4 cm in length (Ref. 30572). The fry rapidly develop into juveniles and grow to about 10 cm after one year (Ref. 30572).
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
การประมง: การค้า; การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: การค้า; การตกปลาเป็นกีฬา: ใช่
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.2 - 26.1, mean 24.7 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00609 - 0.02604), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ต่ำ, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 4.5 - 14 ปี (tm=3-4; tmax=14; Fec=300,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.9 [17.6, 68.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.358 [0.201, 0.691] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.3, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.57 [0.34, 0.97] g/100g; Selenium = 10.5 [5.1, 20.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [3.0, 30.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.67 [0.47, 0.95] mg/100g (wet weight);
