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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 5 - 30 m (Ref. 121773). 熱帶; 7°N - 13°S, 10°W - 14°E (Ref. 55)
Eastern Atlantic: Ghana to the Congo River mouth (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653). Reported from the Fatala in Guinea (Ref. 28587) but this needs confirmation.
東大西洋: 迦納到剛果河口。 記錄來自幾內亞了。 (參考文獻 28587)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 85.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 81653)
背棘 (总数) : 10 - 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Diagnosis: head pointed, dorsal profile of forehead somewhat angular (Ref. 55, 57393). Body moderately deep; snout acute; profile of head straight or slightly concave (Ref. 81653). Preorbital/lachrymal bone broad (Ref. 55, 81653). Vomerine tooth patch triangular (occasionally) with a short postero-median extension (Ref. 57393, 81653). Maxilla extending to or beyond level of front part of eye (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653). Preopercular notch and knob weak (Ref. 55, 81653). Pectoral fins long, usually reaching level of anus (Ref. 81653). Scales medium-sized and ctenoid; 8-10 transverse scale rows on cheek (Ref. 57393, 81653). Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line; 6 scale rows above lateral line and below middle of spiny part of dorsal fin (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653). Back and upper sides brown to dark brown shading to silvery white on belly; fins mainly dark brown (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653), especially the pelvics (Ref. 57393). Scales below lateral line frequently with pale centres forming longitudinal stripes (Ref. 81653). Juveniles frequently with 6 to 8 vertical rows of white spots on sides and a pair of blue lines on cheek below eye, specimens below 15 cm often with dusky patch on caudal peduncle (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653), which is an anterior- and posteriorly white-edged greyish spot on dorsal part of caudal peduncle, just behind last dorsal-fin ray (Ref. 57393).
头部尖的, 前额的背面轮廓略微有角的。 眶前骨宽的; 延伸至眼的前端的水平的颚骨。 前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤弱的。 鳞片列背面斜向上升在侧联机面。 背面与上侧面褐色到深褐色的颜色变化成银白色在腹面上; 鳍主要深褐色。 稚鱼在侧边上经常有 6 到 8个呈纵向列的白色斑点而且在颊上经常有一对蓝色的线。 在 15 公分之下的标本有暗淡的小区块在尾梗上。
Adults occur on rocky bottoms and (near shore) coral reefs, as well as in brackish lagoons and sometimes in lower courses of rivers (Ref. 2683, 57393, 81653). Maximum reported size only 200mm TL in Ref. 57393.
生活于岩石底部与珊瑚礁, 以及在半咸淡的泻湖中与有时在河中.(参考文献 2683)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 迦納到剛果河口。 記錄來自幾內亞了。 (參考文獻 28587)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00706 - 0.03101), b=2.97 (2.81 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
