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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers)
笛鯛科 (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 5 - 30 m (Ref. 121773). 熱帶; 7°N - 13°S, 10°W - 14°E (Ref. 55)
Eastern Atlantic: Ghana to the Congo River mouth (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653). Reported from the Fatala in Guinea (Ref. 28587) but this needs confirmation.
東大西洋: 迦納到剛果河口。 記錄來自幾內亞了。 (參考文獻 28587)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 85.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 81653)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Diagnosis: head pointed, dorsal profile of forehead somewhat angular (Ref. 55, 57393). Body moderately deep; snout acute; profile of head straight or slightly concave (Ref. 81653). Preorbital/lachrymal bone broad (Ref. 55, 81653). Vomerine tooth patch triangular (occasionally) with a short postero-median extension (Ref. 57393, 81653). Maxilla extending to or beyond level of front part of eye (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653). Preopercular notch and knob weak (Ref. 55, 81653). Pectoral fins long, usually reaching level of anus (Ref. 81653). Scales medium-sized and ctenoid; 8-10 transverse scale rows on cheek (Ref. 57393, 81653). Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line; 6 scale rows above lateral line and below middle of spiny part of dorsal fin (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653). Back and upper sides brown to dark brown shading to silvery white on belly; fins mainly dark brown (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653), especially the pelvics (Ref. 57393). Scales below lateral line frequently with pale centres forming longitudinal stripes (Ref. 81653). Juveniles frequently with 6 to 8 vertical rows of white spots on sides and a pair of blue lines on cheek below eye, specimens below 15 cm often with dusky patch on caudal peduncle (Ref. 55, 57393, 81653), which is an anterior- and posteriorly white-edged greyish spot on dorsal part of caudal peduncle, just behind last dorsal-fin ray (Ref. 57393).
頭部尖的, 前額的背面輪廓略微有角的。 眶前骨寬的; 延伸至眼的前端的水平的顎骨。 前鰓蓋骨凹槽與癤瘤弱的。 鱗片列背面斜向上升在側線上面。 背面與上側面褐色到深褐色的顏色變化成銀白色在腹面上; 鰭主要深褐色。 稚魚在側邊上經常有 6 到 8個呈縱向列的白色斑點而且在頰上經常有一對藍色的線。 在 15 公分之下的標本有暗淡的小區塊在尾梗上。
Adults occur on rocky bottoms and (near shore) coral reefs, as well as in brackish lagoons and sometimes in lower courses of rivers (Ref. 2683, 57393, 81653). Maximum reported size only 200mm TL in Ref. 57393.
生活於岩石底部與珊瑚礁, 以及在半鹹淡的潟湖中與有時在河中.(參考文獻 2683)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 迦納到剛果河口。 記錄來自幾內亞了。 (參考文獻 28587)
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00706 - 0.03101), b=2.97 (2.80 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
