分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Gerreidae (Mojarras)
Etymology: Gerres: Latin, gerres = a kind of anchovies; cited by Plinius.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 86942). 热带; 32°N - 36°S, 24°E - 170°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa to the Marquesas Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Also reported from Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964).
印度-太平洋: 红海与南非至马可萨斯群岛, 北至琉球群岛, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 20.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 90102); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 7. Live specimens' head and trunk sides olive-green above, becoming silvery below; snout region blackish dorsally; dorsal fin membrane with faint black blotches or small spots at each spine and ray, just above edge of scaly basal sheath, silvery anteriorly on 1st-5th dorsal spine, grading to hyaline on spinous and soft dorsal fin; anal fin scaly basal sheath silver; distal part of pelvic fin between 1st-5th soft rays often white or hyaline for 1/5-1/3 of ray length, other parts hyaline or slightly yellowish; pectoral and anal fins hyaline. Caudal fin dusky with broad darker margin posteriorly which may be indistinct in old or poorly preserved specimens; ventral edge of lower caudal fin lobe white or bluish-white. Generally, body with prominent dark stripes along scale rows above lateral line (distinct in preserved specimens); 4-9 somewhat oblique dusky bars or columns of ovoid dark spots immediately below lateral line in specimens over 10 cm SL (dusky bars on less than 10 cm) but more apparent in preserved or stressed individuals. Scales between 5th dorsal fin spine base and lateral line 5-6.5 (modally 5.5). Upper jaw extending vertically beyond anteriormost margin of dermal eye opening, sometimes reaching to vertical at anterior margin of pupil. Second dorsal fin spine longest, 17-25% SL (Ref. 41108, 4372). Pre-opercle lower flange scaled. Body depth max 2.3-2.8 in SL. Pectoral fins reaches to or beyond level of anal-fin origin; caudal fin forked deeply (Ref. 90102). Pelvic fin of Red Sea specimens solid yellow with a narrow white distal margin; anal fin with a yellow tinge between the first rays; pectoral fin base with a dark brown spot (Horst Moosleitner, personal communication, homosub@aon.at). Examination of the meristic and morphometric data of the syntypes of G. lineolatus and G. rueppellii, and holotype of G. darnleyense showed all these are subadult or young specimens of G. longirostris (Ref. 41108).
生活标本的头部与躯干侧边橄榄绿色的上方, 下面变成银色; 吻区域黑色的背面; 背鳍薄膜在每根棘与鳍条有模糊的黑色斑块或小的斑点,在有鳞基部的鞘的边缘的正上方, 银色的前面地在第一-第 5 上背棘, 渐层色到透明的在刺状与软的背鳍上; 臀鳍有鳞的基部鞘银色的; 在第一-第 5 软鳍条之间的腹鳍的末梢部部份时常白色或透明的为 1/5- 鳍条长度的 1/3, 其他部分透明或些微淡黄色; 胸鳍与臀鳍透明的。 尾鳍暗色的有宽深色边缘在后部那可能是不明显的在古老的或保存不良的标本中; 下尾部鳍叶的腹面边缘白色或蓝白色的。 通常, 身体有突出的深色斑纹沿着鳞片列在侧联机面;(明显特徵是保存的标本) 卵形深色的斑点的 4-9个略微斜暗色横纹或纵纹紧邻侧线下方在超过 10 公分 SL(暗色的条纹在少于 10 公分上) 的标本中但是更明显的在保存或受惊吓的个体中。 在第 5个背鳍棘基底与侧线 5-6.5 之间的鳞片.(典型地 5.5) 上颌垂直地延伸超过眼皮开口的最前缘, 有时延伸到垂直的在瞳孔的前缘。 第二背鳍鳍棘长的,17-25% SL.(参考文献 41108,4372) 与 G. oblongus 相较, G. longirostris
有一个较大的体高，平均的 39% SL;(对 33% SL) 较小的眼窝直径, 意谓 10% SL;(对 12% SL) 而且第三根臀鳍棘的较大的长度, 平均12% SL.(对 10% SL) G. lineolatus 与 G. rueppellii 的 syntypes 的体节与型态特徵资料的调查 , 与 G. darnleyense 的 holotype 显示所有的这些是亚成鱼或 G. longirostris 的幼鱼标本.(参考文献 41108) 红海标本的腹鳍纯黄色的具有一个狭窄的白色末梢部的边缘; 在第一个鳍条之间的臀鳍有一个淡黄的色彩; 胸鳍基底具有一个深褐色的斑点。 (地垒 Moosleitner ，个人的沟通, homosub@aon.at)
Adults often in clear coastal waters up to about 50 m depth; juveniles often in estuaries or lagoons influenced by fresh water (Ref. 41108); they prefer shallow waters over sandy bottoms, from coral reefs to brackish waters (Ref. 30573). Fry about 10 cm in length enter the estuaries and stay until they reach maturity (Ref. 34363). Occur singly or in groups (Ref. 9710). Feed on small bottom invertebrates (Ref. 3409). In the Gilberts, the species forms spawning aggregations for a few days around the new moon (Ref. 37816). Sold fresh in markets; processed into fishmeal. Also taken with stake-nets (Ref. 3409).
常见于清澈的沿岸水域中的成鱼达到大约 50 公尺深; 常见于河口或被淡水影响的泻湖中的稚鱼;(参考文献 41108) 偏爱浅水域沙质底部之上, 从珊瑚礁到半咸淡水域。 (参考文献 30573) 各别地生存或成群.(参考文献 9710) 在吉柏特中，它形成新月期的周围产卵群集数天。 (参考文献 37816) 生鲜贩卖在市场中了; 加工成鱼粉了。
吃小的底栖无脊椎动物。 也用标桩网捕获。 (参考文献 3409)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 红海与南非至马可萨斯群岛, 北至琉球群岛, 南至澳洲。
Iwatsuki, Y., S. Kimura and T. Yoshino, 2001. Redescription of Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) and Gerres oblongus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830, included in the Gerres longirostris complex (Perciformes: Gerreidae). Copeia 2001(4):954-965. (Ref. 41108)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3461 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00612 - 0.01792), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=9; k=0.23-0.29; tm=1.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 41.9 [19.9, 71.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.2, 0.9] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.083, 0.247] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [17.0, 54.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 72 [19, 228] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.91, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);
