分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 30 - 600 m (Ref. 6808), usually 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 56°N - 37°S, 19°W - 23°E
Eastern Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean (British Isles to Mozambique) and the Mediterranean Sea.
東大西洋: 愛爾蘭與英格蘭在南方的沿著海岬 (南非) 到莫三比克中部 (參考文獻 5578), 包括地中海西部 (到突尼西亞與希臘西部).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11284); 202.0 cm TL (female)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
A giant skate with a broad-based, abruptly narrow-tipped snout covered with small, sharp thorns; pectoral disc angular, and no thorns on nape or back, but three rows of large thorns on tail (Ref. 5578). Larger immature and adult individuals grey with numerous small white spots above, underside white with no black pores; hatchlings plain reddish-brown above, often with blue spots, and white below with broad dusky grey margins on disc (Ref. 5578).
一個龐大的魟魚具有一個基底寬的, 覆蓋著小且利的刺頂端非常窄的吻; 胸盤有角的, 與沒有在後頸或背面上的刺, 但是三列的在尾部上的大的刺.(參考文獻 5578) 比較大的不成熟的與成魚個體灰色的有很多的白色小斑點上方, 腹面白色的具有沒有黑色的孔; 人工孵化出之魚苗背面全紅褐色的, 時常有藍色的斑點, 與腹面白色的在體盤上有寬的暗灰色的邊緣.(參考文獻 5578)
Inhabit shelf and slope waters (Ref. 4426). Found on sand and rock-sand bottom (Ref. 6808). A bottom-predator of bony fishes, other elasmobranchs, fish offal, crabs, shrimps, mysids, octopi, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 4426. Maximum length for female is 202 cm (Ref. 41333). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.5-18.3 cm long and 10.0-13.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 55-156 eggs are produced per individual annually (Ref. 41250).
棲息於大陸棚及大陸斜坡水域。 (參考文獻 4426) 棲息於沙子與岩石了-砂質底部.(參考文獻 6808) 一底層掠食動物捕食硬骨魚類，其他的板鰓類，魚碎肉，螃蟹，蝦，糠蝦，章魚與墨魚.(參考文獻 5578) 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 4426. 最大的母魚體長是 202 公分。 (參考文獻 41333) 卵生的。 明顯的成對出現。 幼魚可能傾向跟隨大的個體, 例如他們的母親.(參考文獻 205) 卵為長方形鞘囊具有僵硬的觸角沈積在沙灘或泥灘的角落.(參考文獻 205) 卵鞘是 12.5-18.3 公分長與 10.0-13.9 公分寬的.(參考文獻 41250) 大約 55-156個卵每年每個體生產。 (參考文獻 41250)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs are laid in huge cases and take up to 18 months to hatch (Ref. 5578). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 愛爾蘭與英格蘭在南方的沿著海岬 (南非) 到莫三比克中部 (參考文獻 5578), 包括地中海西部 (到突尼西亞與希臘西部).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
瀕危 (EN) (A2cd); Date assessed: 30 August 2022
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 17.5, mean 13.5 °C (based on 474 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00231 - 0.00314), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.83 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=55).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [2.5, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.67 [0.17, 1.98] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.497 [0.171, 1.832] g/100g; Selenium = 34.5 [10.7, 119.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.38 [3.06, 30.12] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.375 [0.184, 0.690] mg/100g (wet weight);
