Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855)
Horn shark
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Heterodontus francisci AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Heterodontus francisci
Photo von Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
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Photo von Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii (Haie und Rochen) (sharks and rays) > Heterodontiformes (Bullhead and horn sharks) > Heterodontidae (Bullhead, horn, or Port Jackson sharks)
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back (See ETYFish); francisci: Of Francisco, probably referring to San Francisco (city and/or bay), California, USA (although its range does not extend that far north of its type locality, Monterey Bay) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: The original description has no etymology but the specific name probably derives from the city of San Francisco (although the holotype was collected from Monterey Bay rather than San Francisco Bay). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back (See ETYFish); francisci: Of Francisco, probably referring to San Francisco (city and/or bay), California, USA (although its range does not extend that far north of its type locality, Monterey Bay) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: The original description has no etymology but the specific name probably derives from the city of San Francisco (although the holotype was collected from Monterey Bay rather than San Francisco Bay). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie
seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 0 - 152 m (Ref. 106604), usually 2 - 11 m (Ref. 9253). Subtropical; 37°N - 15°S, 124°W - 75°W
Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: central California, USA to the Gulf of California, and probably Ecuador and Peru.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?, range 59 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 247); max. veröff. Alter: 12 Jahre (Ref. 72467)
Max length : 122 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 247); max. veröff. Alter: 12 Jahre (Ref. 72467)
Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabit rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feed on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). May bite back when harassed. Has broad muscular paired fins used as limbs for clambering on the bottom. Catch reduced to fish meal; fin spines used in production of jewels.
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Oviparous (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Courtship starts when the male chases the female, then when both are ready, they drop to the bottom (Ref. 43278). During courtship and prior to copulation, the male bites and wraps its body to the female pectoral fin, body, tail, and gills (Ref. 51127, 49562). The male then inserts a single clasper in the female's cloaca; copulation lasts 30 to 40 min. After one or two weeks later, the eggs are laid in about 11 to 14 intervals for 4 months which were deposited under rocks or in crevices, as was observed in nature. In captivity, the female drops the eggs on the bottom where the contents of the egg cases maybe eaten by these sharks; the eggs are hatched in 7 to 9 months. The young begin to feed one month after hatching (Ref. 43278).
Hauptreferenz
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Compagno, L.J.V., 2001. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 June 2024
CITES
Not Evaluated
Bedrohung für Menschen
Traumatogenic (Ref. 247)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
FAO - Fischereien: Artbeschreibung; Publication: search | FishSource |
Mehr Information
Trophische Ökologie
Lebensmittel (Beutetiere)
Nahrungszusammensetzung
Nahrungsaufnahme
Lebensmittelrationen
Räuber
Lebensmittel (Beutetiere)
Nahrungszusammensetzung
Nahrungsaufnahme
Lebensmittelrationen
Räuber
Populationsdynamik
Wachstumsparameter
Max. Alter/Größen
Länge-Gewicht-Rel.
Länge-Länge-Verhältnis.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Massenkonvertierung
Rekrutierung
Dichte
Wachstumsparameter
Max. Alter/Größen
Länge-Gewicht-Rel.
Länge-Länge-Verhältnis.
Längenhäufigkeiten
Massenkonvertierung
Rekrutierung
Dichte
Lebenszyklus
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Reifung/Kiemen rel.
Fruchtbarkeit
Ablaichen
Laichaggregationen
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Reifung/Kiemen rel.
Fruchtbarkeit
Ablaichen
Laichaggregationen
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Physiologie
Körperliche Zusammensetzung
Nährstoffe
Sauerstoffverbrauch
Schwimmart
Schwimmgeschwindigkeit
Visuelle Pigmente
Fischgeräusche
Krankheiten und Parasiten
Toxizität (LC50s)
Körperliche Zusammensetzung
Nährstoffe
Sauerstoffverbrauch
Schwimmart
Schwimmgeschwindigkeit
Visuelle Pigmente
Fischgeräusche
Krankheiten und Parasiten
Toxizität (LC50s)
Menschenbezogen
Aquakultur-Systeme
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera-Fälle
Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
Aquakultur-Systeme
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera-Fälle
Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref. 123201): 15.9 - 23.7, mean 21.4 °C (based on 159 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5029 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00234 - 0.00814), b=3.15 (2.97 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Fec=20).
Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 21.1 [4.1, 95.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.68 [0.18, 2.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.201 [0.090, 0.442] g/100g; Selenium = 28.1 [8.6, 83.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.36 [2.35, 22.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.646 [0.318, 1.171] mg/100g (wet weight);