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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 90 - 800 m (Ref. 100719). Tropical; 28°N - 32°S, 30°E - 154°E (Ref. 5222)

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Kenya to South Africa; Oman, west coast of India, Korea, Japan including Ogasawara Islands, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Sometimes misidentified as Epinephelus magniscuttis or Epinephelus heniochus.

Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5222); common length : 70.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5450); peso massimo pubblicato: 7.0 kg (Ref. 5222)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 14 - 15; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8.

Found in the continental shelf over soft bottom (Ref. 7300); associated with coral reefs or rocky bottoms and other inshore environments of tropical seas (Ref. 97263). Nothing has been published on its biology. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 March 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00500 - 0.01450), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Fec = 448,584).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 57.3 [22.8, 132.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.802 [0.370, 1.876] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.119, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 101 [45, 235] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.4 [9.7, 160.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.67, 1.76] mg/100g (wet weight);

Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)