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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 90 - 800 m (Ref. 100719). Tropical; 28°N - 32°S, 30°E - 154°E (Ref. 5222)

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Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Kenya to South Africa; Oman, west coast of India, Korea, Japan including Ogasawara Islands, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Sometimes misidentified as Epinephelus magniscuttis or Epinephelus heniochus.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5222); common length : 70.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5450); max. veröff. Gewicht: 7.0 kg (Ref. 5222)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 14 - 15; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8.

Found in the continental shelf over soft bottom (Ref. 7300); associated with coral reefs or rocky bottoms and other inshore environments of tropical seas (Ref. 97263). Nothing has been published on its biology. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 March 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00500 - 0.01450), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Fec = 448,584).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 57.3 [22.8, 132.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.802 [0.370, 1.876] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.119, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 101 [45, 235] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.4 [9.7, 160.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.67, 1.76] mg/100g (wet weight);

Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)