Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 0 - 35 m. Subtropical; 10°S - 45°S
Eastern Indian Ocean: southern Australia, from Western Australia to Victoria, New South Wales, including Tasmania.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.5 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2156); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 14 έτη (Ref. 2156)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 12 - 13; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 7 - 10; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 4 - 6; Σπόνδυλοι: 28. Lack scales (Ref. 33616).
Occur in inshore waters (Ref. 9563). Most active at night, lying motionless during the day. Spawn during August-September and seem to be triggered by an increase in water temperature at the onset of spring. Smaller individuals feed mainly on shrimps and crabs, while bigger ones are piscivorous (Ref. 2156). Adults possess venomous infraorbital, preopercular and dorsal-fin spines (Ref. 33616).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Neira, F.J., A.G. Miskiewicz and T. Trnski, 1998. Larvae of temperate Australian fishes: laboratory guide for larval fish identification. University of Western Australia Press. 474 p. (Ref. 33616)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.9 - 22.9, mean 17.9 °C (based on 356 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.12; tm=2-4; tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 114 [48, 258] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.58, 2.25] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.499 [0.215, 1.295] g/100g; Selenium = 16.9 [7.4, 42.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.4 [8.8, 73.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.32 [0.89, 1.96] mg/100g (wet weight);
