Classification / Names
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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335); leucochilus: Name from the Greek 'leuco' meaning white, and 'chilus' for border; referring to the whitish border without dermal spots along bases of the anteriormost dorsal-fin rays and absence of pigmented spots on the isthmus..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους ? - 150 m (Ref. 96676). Subtropical
Κατανομή
Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri
Northwestern Pacific: Japan and Taiwan.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 6.7 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 96676); 5.6 cm SL (female)
Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 89 - 92; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 76 - 80; Σπόνδυλοι: 49 - 51. This species is distinguished from all its congeners by the following set of characters: ID pattern1-2-2-2-2; caudal-fin rays 12; vertebrae, abdominal 9 (3 + 6), total 49–51; hypurals 9; D 89-92, A 76-80; longitudinal scale rows 75-83; transverse scale rows 32-35; scale rows on head posterior to lower orbit 15-17; relatively deep body (BD = 26.3-32.3% of HL); moderately long preanal length (PAL = 24.3-26.0% of SL); upper head lobe much larger than lower lobe; head moderately short (HL = 18.7-21.8% of SL), shorter than head width (HW/HL = 1.07-1.29); postorbital length short (POL = 65.6-69.5% of HL); snout long (SNL = 18.4-23.4% of HL; SNL/ED = 1.47-2.09), round to obliquely blunt anteriorly; dorsal-fin origin at point between verticals at anterior margin of upper eye and anterior margin of pupil of upper eye; predorsal length relatively long (PDL = 17.6–22.3% of HL); absence of fleshy ridge on ocular-side lower jaw; eyes separate, with anterior margin of upper usually equal to, or slightly in advance of, anterior margin of lower eye; anterior ocular-side nostril is not connected to eyes. Colouration: ocular-side pigmentation light-yellow to light-brown without melanophores; blind-side pigmentation uniformly white to light yellow; peritoneum bluish-black (Ref. 126065).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Lee, M.-Y., T.A. Munroe and K.-T. Shao, 2014. Description of a new cryptic, shallow-water tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) from the western North Pacific Ocean. J. Fish Biol. 85(3):563-585. (Ref. 96676)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
