分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Galaxiiformes (Southern smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Southern smelts) >
Galaxiidae (Galaxiids)
南乳魚科 (Galaxiids) > Galaxiinae
Etymology: Galaxias: Greek, galaxias, ou = a kind of fish (Ref. 45335); fuscus: Name from Latin 'fusc' meaning brown, dark, dusky or tawny, the author probably was referring to
the distinctive and dark bars on the sides of the body which he referred to as '...prominent dark oval blotches..' and the live colouration of the majority of this species is a dusky orange-brown, and the type material is currently also a tawny colour, hence the species name is apt..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 非遷移的 (Ref. 98815); 深度上下限 0 - 1 m (Ref. 98815).
Oceania: endemic to the Goulburn River system in central Victoria, Australia.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.5 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 98815); 最大體重: 30.00 g (Ref. 98815); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 98815)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背的軟條 (總數) : 8 - 12; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 12; 脊椎骨: 51 - 56. Galaxias fuscus is distinguished from all its congeners within the Galaxias olidus complex by a combination of the following characters: overall color ranging from dull to moderately bright orange, yellow-orange to reddish orange; body pattern generally absent except sides of trunk with a series of large, distinctive, dark bars surrounded by halos present, generally centered on the lateral line, relatively widely spaced and extending from above the pectoral fin base to above the pelvic fin base, very rarely faint blotches also on dorsal surface; dorsal surface of trunk broadly flattened anteriorly from above pelvic fin bases; caudal peduncle very deep (7.2-10.4 % SL); long caudal fin (12.1-19.2 % SL), much longer than caudal peduncle; long anal fin (14.2-18.6 % SL); large pectoral and pelvic fins (11.4-17.6 and 9.5-16.2 % SL, respectively); pelvic fins set far back (prepelvic length 53.4 % SL); large bulbous head, length 21.0-26.7 % SL and longer than pelvic fin to anal fin length, relatively wide and deep (56.7-75.6 and 35.5-53.3 % HL); nostrils short, not visible from ventral view; mouth large, with long upper and lower jaws (33.9-46.7 and 30.2-43.6 % HL respectively) and wide gape (34.3-53.9 % HL); most posterior extent of mouth about 0.8 ED below ventral margin of eye; 0-1 pyloric caecae, short (1.0 % SL) when present; and anal fin origin usually under 0.78 distance posteriorly along dorsal fin base (Ref. 98815).
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Occurs together with Galaxias olidus at one site (Raspberry Creek, Woods Point) though considered to have been sympatric with other populations before alien trout severely fragmented populations and substantially altered distributional patterns. Considered to have been historically sympatric with Galaxias arcanus and very possibly with Galaxias oliros at the very downstream extent of its range. Inhabits small to medium-sized (0.7-11.0 m average width), moderately to fast flowing, steep gradient, shallow (0.1-0.4 m average depth), creeks and rivers, all typically cool to cold. Stream substrate is composed of bedrock, boulder, cobble, with smaller amounts of pebble, gravel and sand. Streams are usually well shaded by dense overhanging riparian vegetation. Instream habitat usually has accumulations of large and small timber debris, rocks and tree roots in undercut banks. Forages off the bottom and mid water in pools and at the end of riffle/glide sections and feeds mostly on aquatic and terrestrial insects. Spawns from late September to early October, though males can be running ripe from about April, and females ripe from mid-June. Adults may live to around 15 years of age (Ref. 98815).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Raadik, T.A., 2014. Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species. Zootaxa 3898(1):001-198. (Ref. 98815)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A3bce; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)); Date assessed: 14 February 2019
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00205 - 0.01170), b=3.12 (2.91 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
