Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); μη μεταναστευτικό(ά); εύρος βάθους 3 - 60 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 32°N - 23°S, 77°E - 169°E
Indo-Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to Malaysia and Indonesia to Solomon Islands, south to Australia.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2334)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 13 - 14; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 18 - 23; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 18 - 19.
Juveniles prefer sheltered inner reefs while adults occur in areas of rich coral growth and high vertical relief of lagoon and seaward reefs. Adults semi-silty coastal to about 50 m depth, often seen in pairs (Ref. 48636). Occur solitary or mostly in pairs, are very elusive. Emits loud grunting sounds when harassed. Only the young make excellent aquarium fish (Ref. 4859).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: παραδοσιακή αλιεία; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
Download XML
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 764 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03802 (0.01932 - 0.07482), b=2.86 (2.69 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.6 [18.5, 64.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0896 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [20.1, 73.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.4 [12.9, 206.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 1.84] mg/100g (wet weight);
