分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salmo: Latin, salmo, Plinius = salmon (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 ? - 50 m (Ref. 59043).
分布
國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Eurasia: Coastal zone of western Caspian Sea, drainages from northern Azerbaijan to Volga and Ural. Terek is the main spawning river. Status of threat: least concern.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59043); 最大體重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 99764)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Distinguished from the only congener Salmo ezenami in European Caspian basin by the following unique characters: maxilla reaching posterior margin of eye; and gill rakers pointed, tips never club-changed. Diagnosed from Salmo capius, a species restricted to southern Caspian basin, by its unique body depth about 15-20% SL (vs. 21-26); differs further by the combination of having head depth about 59-65% HL (vs. 68-75) and interorbital distance about 30-42% HL (vs. 37-48) (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
At the sea, it occurs along coast at depths of up to 50 m. Resident part of populations live in streams and uppermost reaches with fast current, cold clear water and stone or gravel bottom. Parrs and resident adults prey on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Anadromous and large lacustrine individuals feed predominantly on fish, but also take large crustaceans. Undertakes migration to hill streams. Usually spawns in the upper reaches of rivers with fast current. Damming hinders both migrating juveniles to reach the sea and returning adults to reach spawning sites. Species survival depends solely on resident populations (Ref. 59043).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人類使用
漁業: 潛在的興趣
工具
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00480 - 0.02286), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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