Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman ? - 50 m (Ref. 59043). Subtropical
Eurasia: Coastal zone of western Caspian Sea, drainages from northern Azerbaijan to Volga and Ural. Terek is the main spawning river. Status of threat: least concern.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 59043); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 9.0 kg (Ref. 99764)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Distinguished from the only congener Salmo ezenami in European Caspian basin by the following unique characters: maxilla reaching posterior margin of eye; and gill rakers pointed, tips never club-changed. Diagnosed from Salmo capius, a species restricted to southern Caspian basin, by its unique body depth about 15-20% SL (vs. 21-26); differs further by the combination of having head depth about 59-65% HL (vs. 68-75) and interorbital distance about 30-42% HL (vs. 37-48) (Ref. 59043).
At the sea, it occurs along coast at depths of up to 50 m. Resident part of populations live in streams and uppermost reaches with fast current, cold clear water and stone or gravel bottom. Parrs and resident adults prey on aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Anadromous and large lacustrine individuals feed predominantly on fish, but also take large crustaceans. Undertakes migration to hill streams. Usually spawns in the upper reaches of rivers with fast current. Damming hinders both migrating juveniles to reach the sea and returning adults to reach spawning sites. Species survival depends solely on resident populations (Ref. 59043).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00488 - 0.02245), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
